Givennpairs of parentheses, write a function to generate all combinations of well-formed parentheses.
[
"((()))",
"(()())",
"(())()",
"()(())",
"()()()"
]
这题做法是找括号生成的规律,一开始自己做的时候找错了,后来看到cc189的做法。每个左括号的后面加一对,最后再在前面加一对,这样就能生成所有结果了,因为有重复,所以要用hashset去重。其实这个方法有点慢,因为会产生很多重复的结果。(好像说是catlan number那么多个)后来看了递归的方法,也写下来。这个快点,只用了O(2^n)时间和O(n)空间。每次取"("或")"两种选择,取n次,所以O(2^n),递归深度n层。
public ArrayList<String> generateParenthesis(int n) {
ArrayList<String> res = new ArrayList<>();
if (n < 1) {
return res;
}
StringBuilder tmp = new StringBuilder();
dfsHelper(res, tmp, n, n);
return res;
}
private void dfsHelper(ArrayList<String> res, StringBuilder sb, int left, int right) {
if (left == 0 && right == 0) {
res.add(sb.toString());
return;
}
if (left > 0) {
sb.append('(');
dfsHelper(res, sb, left - 1, right);
sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length() - 1);
}
if (right > left) {
sb.append(')');
dfsHelper(res, sb, left, right - 1);
sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length() - 1);
}
}
public List<String> generateParenthesis(int n) {
List<String> res = new ArrayList<>();
if (n < 1) {
return res;
}
res.add("");
for (int ind = 0; ind < n; ind++) {
HashSet<String> cur = new HashSet<>();
for (String item : res) {
for (int i = 0; i < item.length(); i++) {
if (item.charAt(i) == '(') {
String tmp = item.substring(0, i + 1) + "()" + item.substring(i + 1);
cur.add(tmp);
}
}
cur.add("()" + item);
}
res = new ArrayList<>(cur);
}
return res;
}